An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.Liquid crystals do not emit light directly but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. However, no single ratio can tell you all you need to know about a stock. 14:9 (generally named as Fourteen-by-Nine, Fourteen-Nine, and Fourteen-to-Nine) is the aspect ratio mainly used when the 4:3 programs are cropped. Many assets can be considered current by different businesses throughout all industries. The regulation also requires systems to collect tap samples from sites served by the system that are more likely to have plumbing materials containing lead. In addition to showing whether acompany's stock price is overvalued or undervalued, the P/Ecan reveal how astock's valuation compares to its industry group or a benchmark like the S&P 500 Index. When a country defaults on its debt, it often triggers financial panic in domestic and international markets alike. " which is approximately 1.618. The PEG ratio is calculated as a companys trailing price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio divided by the growth rate of its earnings for a specified time period. A similar scenario may also occur for a widescreen set owner when viewing 16:9 material embedded in a 4:3 frame, and then watching that in 16:9. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. The P/E ratio helps investors determine whether the stock of a company is overvalued or undervalued compared to its earnings. The current ratio is the most accommodating and includes various assets from the Current Assets account. Around 20082010, there was a rapid shift by computer display manufacturers to the 16:9 aspect ratio and by 2011 16:10 had almost disappeared from new mass market products. The relative P/E shows what portion or percentage of the past P/Es the current P/E has reached. A close examination of wealth in the U.S. finds evidence of staggering racial disparities. The two major camera manufacturers Canon and Nikon each developed and established sensor standards for their own versions of APS-C sized and proportioned sensors. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. What Financial Liquidity Is, Asset Classes, Pros & Cons, Examples. The lower and upper bounds for this parameter estimate are the lowest and highest point estimates of the ratio of estimated infections to reported cases, respectively. The Current Assets account is a balance sheet line item listed under the Assets section, which accounts for all company-owned assets that can be converted to cash within one year. Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 3, 2017, Page 41. The reason for DSLR's image sensors being the flatter 3:2 versus the taller point-and-shoot 4:3 is that DSLRs were designed to match the legacy 35mm SLR film, whereas the majority of digital cameras were designed to match the predominant computer displays of the time, with VGA, SVGA, XGA and UXGA all being 4:3. Companies that have no earnings or that are losing money do not have a P/E ratio because there is nothing to put in the denominator. Latest News. Power converters also often have inrush currents much You gather the current asset information from a balance sheet and add it. Others include the overgeneralization of the specific asset and liability balances, and the lack of trending information. Publicly listed companies in the United States reported a median current ratio of 1.94 in 2020. : 2 : 622 The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on the conductor. In the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, a trade association, in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. With the adoption of high-definition television, the majority of modern televisions are now produced with 16:9 displays instead. In theory, by taking the median of P/E ratios over a period of several years, one could formulate something of a standardized P/E ratio, which could then be seen as a benchmark and used to indicate whether or not a stock is worth buying. Often, screen specifications are given by their diagonal length. Finance. Moreover, because a companys debt can affect both the prices of shares and the companys earnings, leverage can skew P/E ratios as well. This section is important for investors because it shows the company's short-term liquidity. Common in large and medium format photography ('6x7' cameras, actual size 56mm x 70mm), which fits the common print paper size of 8"10" without cropping and is still in common use for prints from digital cameras. Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst. The check involves calculating the observed mean minus the lowest possible value (or the highest possible value minus the observed mean), and dividing this by the SD. Perhaps it is taking on too much debt or its cash balance is being depletedeither of which could be a solvency issue if it worsens. Acceptable current ratios vary from industry to industry. CurrentAssets=C+CE+I+AR+MS+PE+OLA, Quick Ratio Formula With Examples, Pros and Cons, Understanding Liquidity Ratios: Types and Their Importance. [2] Two common videographic aspect ratios are 4:3 (1.3:1),[a] the universal video format of the 20th century, and 16:9 (1.7:1), universal for high-definition television and European digital television. U.S. debt-to-GDP for Q2 2022almost double early 2008 levels but down from the all-time high of 134.8% seen in Q2 2020. [19][20], Since 1998, cinematographer Vittorio Storaro has advocated for a format named "Univisium" that uses a 2:1 format. Current Ratio Explained With Formula and Examples, Cash and Cash Equivalents (CCE) Definition: Types and Examples. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School for Social Research and Doctor of Philosophy in English literature from NYU. Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.1 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 59.9 percent, were little changed in November and have shown little net change since early this year. Current Ratio Formula., Yahoo! The quick ratio is a calculation that measures a companys ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. He may be a hacker, Parl session: Govt eyes 16 bills, seeks opposition cooperation, Madhya Pradesh orders arrest of author of controversial law book, Delhi MCD live: Counting of votes to begin at 8am, Terms of Use and Grievance Redressal Policy. By having TV match this aspect ratio, movies originally photographed on 35mm film could be satisfactorily viewed on TV in the early days of the medium (i.e. What Is a Liquid Asset, and What Are Some Examples? Sometimes, analysts are interested in long-term valuation trends and consider the P/E 10 or P/E 30 measures, which average the past 10 or past 30 years of earnings, respectively. Net liquid assets is a measure of an immediate or near-term liquidity position of a firm, calculated as liquid assets less current liabilities. Before 1979, worker pay and productivity grew in tandem. A high P/E ratio could mean that a company's stock is overvalued, or that investors are expecting high growth rates in the future. Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. DAR is also known as image aspect ratio and picture aspect ratio, though the latter can be confused with pixel aspect ratio; PAR is also known as sample aspect ratio, though it can also be confused with storage aspect ratio. Current liabilities include accounts payable, wages, taxes payable, short-term debts, and the current portion of long-term debt. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. An individual companys high P/E ratio, for example, would be less cause for concern when the entire sector has high P/E ratios. The huge gap between rising incomes at the top and stagnating pay for the rest of us shows that workers are no longer benefiting from their rising productivity. The current stock price (P) can be found simply by plugging a stocks ticker symbol into any finance website, and although this concrete value reflects what investors must currently pay for a stock, the EPSis a slightly more nebulous figure. Invest as low as 10,000 and earn better returns than FD. ", "What Amazon and Netflix's Demand for 4K Means for Documentaries", "So, what is this 2:1 Univisium display ratio on the LG G6 and likely the S8? Activity. Book-to-Market Ratio: The book-to-market ratio is used to find the value of a company by comparing the book value of a firm to its market value. The list of countries by UNODC homicide rate The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary. More generally, no Fibonacci number other than 1 can be multiply perfect, and no ratio of two Fibonacci numbers can be perfect. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. With the exceptions of 1, 8 and 144 (F 1 = F 2, F 6 and F 12) every Fibonacci number has a prime factor that is not a factor of any smaller Fibonacci number (Carmichael's theorem). In general, a high P/E suggests that investors are expecting higher earnings growth in the future compared to companies with a lower P/E. Active Format Description is a mechanism used in digital broadcasting to avoid this problem. Theprice-to-earnings ratioor P/Eis one of the most widely used stock analysis toolsby which investors and analysts determinestock valuation. During that time, television, which had a similar aspect ratio of 1.3:1, became a perceived threat to movie studios. The format was briefly revived by Lucasfilm in the late 1970s for special effects work that required larger negative size (due to image degradation from the optical printing steps necessary to make multi-layer composites). But the trailing P/E also has its share of shortcomingsnamely, that a companys past performance doesnt signal future behavior. Assets whose value is recorded in the Current Assets account are considered current assets. By contrast, a 720576 D-1 PAL image has a SAR of 720/576 = 5:4, but is displayed on a 4:3 display (DAR = 4:3), so by this formula it would have a PAR of (4:3)/(5:4) = 16:15. Peggy James is a CPA with over 9 years of experience in accounting and finance, including corporate, nonprofit, and personal finance environments. That's why the P/E ratio continues to be one of the most centrally referenced points of data when analyzing a company, but by no means is it the only one. A liquid asset is an asset that can easily be converted into cash within a short amount of time. Some types of businesses can operate with a current ratio of less than one, however. A doom loop is a series of actions, beliefs, or events with each prior action, belief, or event reinforcing the next into a negative feedback spiral. Your macronutrient ratio doesnt directly influence weight loss. Country defaults can trigger financial repercussions globally. To determine the P/E value, one must simply divide the current stock price by theearnings per share (EPS). Trailing price-to-earnings (P/E) is is calculated by taking the current stock price and dividing it by the trailing earnings per share (EPS) for the past 12 months. Some industries will have higher average price-to-earnings ratios, while others will have lower ratios. He has spent over 25 years in the field of secondary education, having taught, among other things, the necessity of financial literacy and personal finance to young people as they embark on a life of independence. NYU Stern School of Business. The earnings yield is also useful in producing a metric when a company has zero or negative earnings. About 1 in 44 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to estimates from CDCs Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. If demand shifts unexpectedlywhich is more common in some industries than othersinventory can become backlogged. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Explained With Formula and Examples, Enterprise Value (EV) Formula and What It Means, How to Use Enterprise Value to Compare Companies, Return on Equity (ROE) Calculation and What It Means, Trailing 12 Months (TTM): Definition, Calculation, and How It's Used, Forward Price-to-Earnings (P/E): What It Is, What It Tells You, Trailing Price-To-Earnings (Trailing P/E): Definition and Example, S&P 500 PE Ratio - 90 Year Historical Chart. Essentially he argues that the 1:1 ratio is the evolutionarily stable strategy. So far, specific progress has been made in births attended by a skilled provider, now at 80% of births worldwide compared with 62% in 2005. If the ratio is less than 1, there is strong evidence of a skewed distribution. A current ratio of less than 1 indicates that the company may have problems meeting its short-term obligations. As an example, the film Gladiator was released to theaters in the 2.39:1 aspect ratio. If the inventory is unable to be sold, the current ratio may still look acceptable at one point in time, even though the company may be headed for default. The P/E ratio helps investors determinethe market value of a stock as compared to thecompany'searnings. She most recently worked at Duke University and is the owner of Peggy James, CPA, PLLC, serving small businesses, nonprofits, solopreneurs, freelancers, and individuals. According to Apple's balance sheet, it had $135 million in the Current Assets account it could convert to cash within one year. Job Openings Hollywood responded by creating a large number of wide-screen formats: CinemaScope (up to 2.6:1), Todd-AO (2.20:1), and VistaVision (initially 1.50:1, now 1.6:1 to 2.00:1) to name just a few. Known as APS-H (30.2mm 16.7mm), with the "-H" denoting "High Definition", the 16:9 format is also the standard image aspect ratio for HDTV. A third and less common variation uses the sum of the last two actual quarters and the estimates of the next two quarters. In the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, a trade association, in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. If the ratio is less than 1, there is strong evidence of a skewed distribution. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Working capital, or net working capital (NWC), is a measure of a companys liquidity, operational efficiency, and short-term financial health. Accurate and unbiased presentations of P/E ratios rely on accurate inputs of the market value of shares and of accurate earnings per share estimates. The Walt Disney Co. Fiscal Year 2017 Annual Financial Report, Page 60 (Page 64 of PDF). It is common for a widescreen film to be presented in an altered format (cropped, letterboxed or expanded beyond the original aspect ratio). The current liabilities of Company A and Company B are also very different. The Comparables Approach to Equity Valuation, Determining the Value of a Preferred Stock, How to Choose the Best Stock Valuation Method, Financial Ratio Analysis: Definition, Types, Examples, and How to Use, Liquidation Value: Definition, What's Excluded, and Example. = The debt-to-GDP ratio can also be interpreted as the number of years it would take to pay back debt if GDP was used for repayment. If a retailer doesnt offer credit to its customers, this can show on its balance sheet as a high payables balance relative to its receivables balance. For these reasons, you should view inventory with a skeptical eye. Both PAL and NTSC have provision for some data pulses contained within the video signal used to signal the aspect ratio (See ITU-R BT.1119-1 Widescreen signaling for broadcasting). He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. Regardless of the different flavors of sensors, and their varying sizes, they are close enough to the original APS-C image size, and maintain the classic 3:2 image proportions that these sensors are generally known as an "APS-C" sized sensor. This single source of data is more easily manipulated, so analysts and investors place trust in the company's officers to provide accurate information. If the ratio is less than 1, there is strong evidence of a skewed distribution. Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace. This article is about aspect ratio of still images, films, and digital imagery. Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.1 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 59.9 percent, were little changed in November and have shown little net change since early this year. For another article on this subject, see, 1.66:1, 1.75:1, 1.77:1, 1.78:1 and 16:9 standard widescreen, 2.00:1, 2.20:1, 2.35:1, 2.39:1, 2.40:1, 2.55:1, 2.76:1 and 21:9 standard widescreen, Obtaining height, width, and area of the screen, Previous and currently used aspect ratios, The 2.39:1 ratio is commonly labeled 2.40:1, e.g., in the, Cinematic widescreen "21:9" consumer standard, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Index of articles related to motion pictures, "BlackBerry Passport Full phone specifications", "Sony SmartWatch 3 SWR50 Full phone specifications", "Eizo's 27-inch 3K display is perfectly square - Geek.com", "Why Apple chose the iPad's screen format", "With 10% of the US Notebook Market, Where Will Apple Go Next? In motion picture formats, the physical size of the film area between the sprocket perforations determines the image's size. The higher the debt-to-GDP ratio, the less likely the country will pay back its debt and the higher its risk of default, which could cause a financial panic in the domestic and international markets. Perhaps this inventory is overstocked or unwanted, which eventually may reduce its value on the balance sheet. DebttoGDP=TotalGDPofCountryTotalDebtofCountry. The ratio is only useful when two companies are compared within industry because inter industry business operations differ substantially. The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height, and is expressed with two numbers separated by a colon, such as 16:9, sixteen-to-nine.For the x:y aspect ratio, the image is x units wide and y units high. Research suggests that intentional homicide demographics are affected by changes in trauma Expand all Collapse all. It was popularized by Snapchat and is also now being adopted by Twitter, TikTok, Instagram and Facebook. This ratio is close to the golden ratio " What Is the Formula for Calculating Earnings per Share (EPS)? Your macronutrient ratio doesnt directly influence weight loss. Apps. The following formulae can be used to find the height (h), width (w) and area (A), where r stands for ratio, written as a fraction of x by y, and d for diagonal length. Return on Assets (ROA): Formula and 'Good' ROA Defined, How Return on Equity Can Help Uncover Profitable Stocks, Return on Investment (ROI): How to Calculate It and What It Means, Return on Invested Capital: What Is It, Formula and Calculation, and Example, EBITDA Margin: What It Is, Formula, How to Use It, What is Net Profit Margin? It's the most popular P/E metric because it's the most objectiveassuming the company reported earnings accurately. This number signals the company's performance over the past 12 months. These two types of EPS metrics factor into the most commontypes of P/E ratios:the forward P/E and thetrailing P/E. For consistency, the same effective pixel aspect ratios are used even for standard definition digital video originated in digital form rather than converted from analog. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more than 20 years of experience in various areas including investing, insurance portfolio management, finance and accounting, personal investment and financial planning advice, and development of educational materials about life insurance and annuities. I=Inventory The long-term average P/E for the S&P 500 is around 16x, meaning that the stocks that make up the index collectively command a premium 16 times greater than their weighted average earnings. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. Analysts also must consider the quality of a companys other assets vs. its obligations. Prepaid expenses might include payments to insurance companies or contractors. Publicly-owned companies must adhere to generally accepted accounting principles and reporting procedures. The fact that the EPS number remains constant, while the stock prices fluctuate, is also a problem. Earnings yields can be useful when concerned about the rate of return on investment. Earnings Release (FY22 Q2), Page 6. If inventory turns into cash much more rapidly than the accounts payable become due, then the firm's current ratio can comfortably remain less than one. There were even a limited number of projectors constructed to also run the print-film horizontally. As such, one should only use P/E as a comparative tool when considering companies in the same sector because this kind of comparison is the only kind that will yield productive insight. AR=AccountsReceivable If current assets are those which can be converted to cash within one year, non-current assets are those which cannot be converted within one year. P/E may be estimated on a trailing (backward-looking) or forward (projected) basis. Opinions vary as to how to deal with this. What Is the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio? It tells investors and analysts how a company can maximize the current assets on its balance sheet to satisfy its current debt and other payables. For every $1 of current debt, Costco Wholesale had 99 cents available to pay for debt when this snapshot was taken. If a company was currently trading at a P/E multiple of 20x, the interpretation is that an investor is willing to pay $20 for $1 of current earnings. Find safe & high-yielding bonds for your buck. Imagine two companies with a current ratio of 1.00 today. Most Indian Bollywood films were shot in the 1.37:1 ratio until 1972, when 2.39:1 became standard for all Bollywood movies. In either case the image was squeezed horizontally to fit the film's frame size and avoid any unused film area. Read through the company reports or browse the internet to determine what is going on with a company's inventoryit might also just be standard practice or a trend in the industry for inventory to be at specific levels. Although earnings growth rates can varyamong different sectors, a stock with aPEG of less than 1 is typically considered undervalued because its price is considered low compared to the company'sexpectedearnings growth. Another name for it is rescaled aspect ratio. A good example of this a 46 print (6inch wide by 4inch tall landscape) perfectly matches the 3:2 aspect ratio of a DSLR/35mm, since 6/2=3 and 4/2=2. Current Ratio: The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term and long-term obligations. The question of what is a good or bad price-to-earnings ratio will necessarily depend on the industry in which the company is operating. \begin{aligned} &\text{Current Assets = C + CE + I + AR + MS + PE + OLA}\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ &\text{C = Cash}\\ &\text{CE = Cash Equivalents}\\ &\text{I = Inventory}\\ &\text{AR = Accounts Receivable}\\ &\text{MS = Marketable Securities}\\ &\text{PE = Prepaid Expenses}\\ &\text{OLA = Other Liquid Assets}\\ \end{aligned} It compares a firm's current assets to its current liabilities, and is expressed as follows:-, The current ratio is an indication of a firm's liquidity. The current ratio helps investors understand more about a companys ability to cover its short-term debt with its current assets and make apples-to-apples comparisons with its competitors and peers. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume. It is comprised of sub-accounts that make up the Current Assets account. Businesses differ substantially among industries; comparing the current ratios of companies across different industries may not lead to productive insight. Two things should be apparent in the trend of Horn & Co. vs. Claws Inc. First, the trend for Claws is negative, which means further investigation is prudent. Modified aspect ratios are usually either 1.3:1 (historically), or (with the advent of widescreen television sets) 1.7:1 aspect ratio. [17][18], The 2:1 aspect ratio was first used in the 1950s for the RKO Superscope format. ", International Monetary Fund. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our. ", "Digital Cinema Technologies from the Archive's Perspective", "Things to Consider Before Making a DCP: Aspect Ratio & Frame Size", Philips discontinuing super-wide Cinema 21:9 TVs due to lack of demand, "Introducing Screen X, Cinema in 270 Degrees | Filmmaker Magazine", The Letterbox and Widescreen Advocacy Page, Aspect combined aspect ratio, frame size and bitrate calculator, Explanation of TV Aspect Ratio format description codes, IMDb Number of DVDs for each aspect ratio, SCADplus: 16:9 Action plan for the television in the 16:9 screen format European Union, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspect_ratio_(image)&oldid=1126608248, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 07:24. "S&P 500 PE Ratio - 90 Year Historical Chart.". However, the current MMR of 167 in a state like Uttar Pradesh is more or less at par with that of war-torn Yemen in 2017 according to Unicef data. Acid-Test Ratio: The acid-test ratio is a strong indicator of whether a firm has sufficient short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities. It also offers more insight when calculated repeatedly over several periods. Many investors will say that it is better to buy shares in companies with a lower P/E because this means you are paying less for every dollar of earnings that you receive. A company that seems to have an acceptable current ratio could be trending toward a situation in which it will struggle to pay its bills. Many Polaroid instant films were designed as square formats. \begin{aligned} &\text{Current Ratio}=\frac{\text{Current assets}}{ \text{Current liabilities}} \end{aligned} Likewise, Walt Disney had 81 cents in current assets for each dollar of current debt. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose If an image is displayed with square pixels, then these ratios agree. A ratio less than 2 suggests skew (Altman and Bland 1996). In 2017, Fujifilm added the 1:1 Instax Square format to their lineup of instant film cameras. A specific target is to achieve a global maternal mortality ratio of less than 70 per 100,000 live births. A company's P/E can also be benchmarked against other stocks in the same industry or against the broader market, such as the S&P 500 Index. Thesecond type of EPS is foundin a company's earnings release, which often provides EPSguidance. For example, a low P/E ratio may suggest that a stock is undervalued and therefore should be boughtbut factoring in the company's growth rate to get its PEG ratio can tell a different story. She is a member of the Virginia CPA Society Accounting and Advisory Committee and serves on the Board of Directors for the Virginia CPA Society Educational Foundation.She is the founder and CEO of Capital Accounting Advisory, LLC, an accounting advisory firm that offers technical accounting, project management, and training services and solutions. Note: Totals do not necessarily equal the sums of rounded components. where: The printed prices are available from a wide variety of reliable sources. These multiple measures assess the companys ability to pay outstanding debts and cover liabilities and expenses without liquidating its fixed assets. It is also very close to the 1.375:1 Academy ratio, defined by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as a standard after the advent of optical sound-on-film. Currentassets The numerator of this ratio is usually the current stock price, and the denominator may be thetrailing EPS(TTM), the estimated EPS for the next 12 months (forward P/E), or a mix of the trailing EPS of the last two quarters and the forward P/E for the next two quarters. The U.S. has had a debt-to-GDP of over 77% since 1Q 2009. Because of the varied ways in which films are shot, IAR (Intended Aspect Ratio) is a more appropriate term, but is rarely used. India has brought down its maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than a quarter of the levels about two decades ago, NEW DELHI: India has brought down its maternal mortality ratio (, Copyright 2022 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Skylar Clarine is a fact-checker and expert in personal finance with a range of experience including veterinary technology and film studies. An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. Another important limitation of price-to-earnings ratios is one that lies within the formula for calculating P/E itself. Many companies categorize liquid investments into the Marketable Securities account, but some can be accounted for in the Other Short-Term Investments account. Super 16mm film was frequently used for television production due to its lower cost, lack of need for soundtrack space on the film itself (as it is not projected but rather transferred to video), and aspect ratio similar to 16:9 (the native ratio of Super 16mm is 15:9). The market determines the prices of shares through its continuous auction. A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities. A current ratio of less than 1.00 may seem alarming, although different situations can negatively affect the current ratio in a solid company. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. However, though a high ratiosay, more than 3.00could indicate that the company can cover its current liabilities three times, it also may indicate that it is not using its current assets efficiently, securing financing very well, or properly managing its working capital. Some of the aspect ratios were chosen to utilize smaller film sizes in order to save film costs while other aspect ratios were chosen to use larger film sizes in order to produce a wider higher resolution image. Find your first bond. The current ratiomeasures a companysability to paycurrent, or short-term, liabilities (debts and payables) with its current, or short-term, assets, such as cash, inventory, and receivables. [5] This aspect ratio of 2.39:1 was confirmed by the most recent revision from August 1993 (SMPTE 1951993).[5]. [4] Low current ratios can also be justified for businesses that can collect cash from customers long before they need to pay their suppliers. Inventory is valued at the cost of acquiring it and the firm intends to sell the inventory for more than this cost. In such challenging climates, governments tend to increase borrowing to stimulate growth and boost aggregate demand. [15] The MacBook Air continues to use 16:10 as of 2022.[16]. These payments free up capital for other uses. TTM is aWall Streetacronym for "trailing 12 months". A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.Liquid crystals do not emit light directly but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. P/ERatio If more than 10 percent of tap water samples exceed the lead action level of 15 parts per billion, then water systems are required to take additional actions including: Price-to-Earnings Ratios in the Real Estate Sector. Start date. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Formula and How to Use It, Debt-to-Equity (D/E) Ratio Formula and How to Interpret It, Finding the Tipping Point -- When Sovereign Debt Turns Bad, Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product, Does High Public Debt Consistently Stifle Economic Growth? A close examination of wealth in the U.S. finds evidence of staggering racial disparities. For example, suppose a companys current assets consist of $50,000 in cash plus $100,000 in accounts receivable. Company A has more accounts payable, while Company B has a greater amount in short-term notes payable. If that trust is perceived to be broken, the stock will be considered riskier and therefore less valuable. It can fill nearly twice as much screen space compared to 16:9 format (when the device is held differently while viewing from how video was recorded). A current ratio of 1.5 would indicate that the company has $1.50 of current assets for every $1 of current liabilities. In theory, the higher the current ratio, the more capable a company is of paying its obligations because it has a larger proportion of short-term asset value relative to the value of its short-term liabilities. The lower and upper bounds for this parameter estimate are the lowest and highest point estimates of the ratio of estimated infections to reported cases, respectively. A ratio less than 2 suggests skew (Altman and Bland 1996). The study found that even women at a normal weight BMI less than 25 were at a higher risk, if they were carrying more of that weight around their waist: Normal-weight women with a waist of 35 inches or higher had three times the risk of death from heart disease, compared to normal-weight women whose waists were smaller than 35 inches. The current ratio is called current because, unlike some other liquidity ratios, it incorporates all current assets and current liabilities. Apple, via U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. C=Cash Put literally, if you were to hypothetically buy 100% of the companys shares, it would take 15 years for you to earn back your initial investment through the companys ongoing profits assuming the company never grew in the future. An investor can dig deeper into the details of a current ratio comparison by evaluating other liquidity ratios that are more narrowly focused than the current ratio. Definition, Formula, and Example, Current Assets: What It Means and How to Calculate It, With Examples, Working Capital: Formula, Components, and Limitations. "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities. In the first case, the trend of the current ratio over time would be expected to harm the companys valuation. Cash equivalents are certificates of deposit, money market funds, short-term government bonds, and treasury bills. layoffs and discharges (1.4 million) changed little. However, if business is good, the one with more debt stands to see higher earnings because of the risks it has taken. : What is UNIVISIUM? Prime divisors. Debt-To-GDP Ratio: The debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio of a country's public debt to its gross domestic product (GDP) . If the forward P/E ratio is lower than the trailing P/E ratio, it means analysts are expecting earnings to increase; if the forward P/E is higher than the current P/E ratio, analysts expect them to decrease. However, different accounting methods can adjust inventory; at times, it may not be as liquid as other qualified current assets depending on the product and the industry sector. "21:9 aspect ratio" is actually 64:27 (= 43:33), or approximately 2.37:1, and is near both cinematic movie aspect ratios. TotalDebtofCountry What Financial Liquidity Is, Asset Classes, Pros & Cons, Examples. For example, the usable height of 120-format roll film is 56mm, so a width of 70mm (as in 67) yields an aspect ratio of 4:5 ideal for enlarging to make an 810" portrait. View the latest business news about the worlds top companies, and explore articles on global markets, finance, tech, and the innovations driving us forward. If the company were to intentionally manipulate the numbers to look better, and thus deceive investors, they would have to work strenuously to be certain that all metrics were manipulated in a coherent manner, which is difficult to do. . The PEG ratio is used to determine a stock's value based on trailing earnings while also taking the company's future earnings growth into account and is considered to provide a more complete picture than the P/E ratio can. Apps. Of the many types of Current Assets accounts, three are Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Prepaid Expenses. When 4:3 material is included (such as the aforementioned commercial), the television switches to a 4:3 display mode to correctly display the material. Current Assetsis an account where assets that can be converted into cash within onefiscal yearor operating cycle are entered. If a company has negative earnings, however, it will produce a negative earnings yield, which can be interpreted and used for comparison. Book-to-Market Ratio: The book-to-market ratio is used to find the value of a company by comparing the book value of a firm to its market value. How Can the Price-To-Earnings (P/E) Ratio Mislead Investors? A ratio less than 2 suggests skew (Altman and Bland 1996). View the latest business news about the worlds top companies, and explore articles on global markets, finance, tech, and the innovations driving us forward. For more details refer to the main article. Common aspect ratios in still photography include: Many digital still cameras offer user options for selecting multiple image aspect ratios. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. A current ratio of between 1.0-3.0 is pretty encouraging for a business. Non-square pixels arise often in early digital TV standards, related to digitalization of analog TV signals whose horizontal and vertical resolutions differ and are thus best described by non-square pixels and also in some digital videocameras and computer display modes, such as Color Graphics Adapter (CGA). Invest as low as 10,000 and earn better returns than FD. 3:1 is yet another format that can find its roots in the APS film camera. Each ratio uses different Current Assets sub-accounts compared against the value of a company's Current Liabilities account: The cash ratio is the most conservative as it considers only cash and cash equivalents. The trailing P/E relies on past performance by dividing thecurrent share priceby the total EPS earnings over the past 12 months. TotalGDPofCountry Bank of America's P/E at 16x was slightly higher than the S&P 500, which over time trades at about 15x trailingearnings. JP Morgan Chase. Find safe & high-yielding bonds for your buck. Congressional Budget Office. Debt-To-GDP Ratio: The debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio of a country's public debt to its gross domestic product (GDP) . This is the company's best-educated guess of what it expects to earn in the future. "WMT Balance Sheet. The earnings yield as an investment valuation metric is not as widely used as theP/E ratio. Only UNODC data is used in the main table below. [Read article] ASD is more than 4 times more common among boys than among girls. However, this rule does not apply to countries that do not control their monetary policies, such as European Union (EU) nations, who must rely on the European Central Bank (ECB) to issue euros. Marketvaluepershare This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. Economists who adhere to modern monetary theory (MMT) argue that sovereign nations capable of printing their own money cannot ever go bankrupt, because they can simply produce more fiat currency to service debts. A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.Liquid crystals do not emit light directly but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. CurrentAssets=C+CE+I+AR+MS+PE+OLAwhere:C=CashCE=CashEquivalentsI=InventoryAR=AccountsReceivableMS=MarketableSecuritiesPE=PrepaidExpensesOLA=OtherLiquidAssets. According to Net Applications, by October 2012 the market share of 16:10 displays had dropped to less than 23 percent. As an additional example, we can look at two financial companies to compare their P/E ratios and see which is relatively over- or undervalued. The list of countries by UNODC homicide rate The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary. A current ratio of between 1.0-3.0 is pretty encouraging for a business. Some achieve this through the use of multi-aspect sensors (notably Panasonic), while others simply crop their native image format to have the output match the desired image aspect ratio. If more than 10 percent of tap water samples exceed the lead action level of 15 parts per billion, then water systems are required to take additional actions including: EPS comes in two main varieties. One clever wide screen alternative, VistaVision, used standard 35mm film running sideways through the camera gate, so that the sprocket holes were above and below frame, allowing a larger horizontal negative size per frame as only the vertical size was now restricted by the perforations. Hence, the actual pixel aspect ratio for PAL video is a little different from that given by the formula, specifically 12:11 for PAL and 10:11 for NTSC. Essentially he argues that the 1:1 ratio is the evolutionarily stable strategy. When distinguishing absolute P/E from relative P/E, it is important to remember that absolute P/E represents the P/E of the current time period. Natalya Yashina is a CPA, DASM with over 12 years of experience in accounting including public accounting, financial reporting, and accounting policies. Extravagantly high debt-to-GDP ratios may deter creditors from lending money altogether. Powered by Atlassian Confluence 7.19.2; Printed by Atlassian Confluence 7.19.2; Report a bug; Atlassian News; 2021.1(current) EN ES FR PT: EN ES FR PT: 24/06/2022: Matrix of changes - PRAG 2021.1: Collapse all. 2021.1(current) EN ES FR PT: EN ES FR PT: 24/06/2022: Matrix of changes - PRAG 2021.1: Collapse all. For example, projecting a digital still image having a 3:2 aspect ratio on a 16:9 projector employs 84.3% of available resolution in horizontal orientation, but only 37.5% in vertical orientation. The study found that even women at a normal weight BMI less than 25 were at a higher risk, if they were carrying more of that weight around their waist: Normal-weight women with a waist of 35 inches or higher had three times the risk of death from heart disease, compared to normal-weight women whose waists were smaller than 35 inches. A current ratio of less than 1 indicates that the company may have problems meeting its short-term obligations. Another trend arising from the widespread use of smartphones is vertical video (9:16) that is intended for viewing in portrait mode. [21] It is designed to be a compromise between the cinema 2.39:1 aspect ratio and the HD-TV broadcast 16:9 ratio. Analysts and investors review a company's P/E ratio when they determine if the share price accurately represents the projected earnings per share. Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. Square displays are rarely used in devices[7][8] and monitors. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. How Do the Current Ratio and Quick Ratio Differ? A Critique of Reinhart and Rogoff," Page 1. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. If the relative P/E measure is 100% or more, this tells investors that the current P/E has reached or surpassed the past value. Listed Companies. No labels Overview. A specific target is to achieve a global maternal mortality ratio of less than 70 per 100,000 live births. The study found that even women at a normal weight BMI less than 25 were at a higher risk, if they were carrying more of that weight around their waist: Normal-weight women with a waist of 35 inches or higher had three times the risk of death from heart disease, compared to normal-weight women whose waists were smaller than 35 inches. The P/E ratio of the S&P 500 has fluctuated from a low of around 5x (in 1917) to over 120x (in 2009 right before the financial crisis). Prime divisors. "JP Morgan Chase 2020 Annual Report," Page 2. See further down as to why its data is used over other sources. If a major company event drives the stock price significantly higher or lower, the trailing P/E will be less reflective of those changes. A ratio of less than one is often a cause for concern, particularly if it persists for any length of time. Pointedly, every percentage point of debt above this level costs countries 0.017 percentage points in economic growth. But since 1979, productivity has grown eight times faster than typical worker pay (hourly compensation of production/nonsupervisory workers). A study by the World Bank found that countries whose debt-to-GDP ratios exceed 77% for prolonged periods experience significant slowdowns ineconomic growth. Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio. Investors should thuscommit money based on futureearnings power, not the past. Mobile devices are now starting to use the 21:9 format, such as the Sony Xperia 1. One limitation of the current ratio emerges when using it to compare different companies with one another. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Modern monetary theory (MMT) suggests sovereign countries do not need to rely on taxes or borrowing for spending since they can print as much as they need. This is because those same types of assets might be tied up for a longer period, such as a marketable security that cannot be sold in one year's time or which would be sold for much less than their purchase price. Liquidity ratios are a class of financial metrics used to determine a debtor's ability to pay off current debt obligations without raising external capital. LCD computer displays using the 16:10 ratio started to appear in the mass market from 2003. Accounts Receivablethe value of all money due to a company for goods or services delivered or used but not yet paid for by customersis entered in Current Assets as long as the accounts can be expected to be paid within a year. The Trustees measure the short-range adequacy of the OASI, DI, and HI Trust Funds with this ratio. It is usually more useful to compare companies within the same industry. The price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) is one of the most widely used tools by which investors and analysts determine a stock's relative valuation. Content Tools. The "flat" 1.85:1 aspect ratio was introduced in May 1953, and became one of the most common cinema projection standards in the U.S. and elsewhere. The APS camera was capable of selecting any of three image formats, APS-H ("High Definition" mode), APS-C ("Classic" mode) and APS-P ("Panoramic" mode). These measures are each 1.3 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The relative P/E compares the current absolute P/E to a benchmark or a range of past P/Es over a relevant time period, such as the past 10 years. By definition, assets in the Current Assets account are cash or can be quickly converted to cash. For instance, if a company has a low P/E because its business model is fundamentally in decline, then the apparent bargain might be an illusion. Power converters also often have inrush currents much Current assets are valued at fair market value and don't depreciate. However, there are inherent problems with the forward P/E metricnamely, companies could underestimate earnings in order to beat the estimated P/E when the next quarter's earnings are announced. To put these figures into perspective, the U.S.s highest debt-to-GDP ratio was previously 106% at the end of World War II, in 1946. Current assets are any asset a company can convert to cash within a short time, usually one year. \text{P/E Ratio} = \frac{\text{Market value per share}}{\text{Earnings per share}} What counts as a good current ratio will depend on the companys industry and historical performance. A ratio under 1.00 indicates that the companys debts due in a year or less are greater than its assetscash or other short-term assets expected to be converted to cash within a year or less. Book-to-Market Ratio: The book-to-market ratio is used to find the value of a company by comparing the book value of a firm to its market value. Like any other fundamental designed to inform investors as to whether or not a stock is worth buying, the price-to-earnings ratio comes with a few limitations that are important to take into account because investors may often be led to believe that there is one single metric that will provide complete insight into an investment decision, which is virtually never the case. Intrinsic Value vs. Current Market Value: What's the Difference? What Is the Tax-to-GDP Ratio? Natural factors The natural factors that affect the human sex ratio are an active area of scientific research. This would be worth more investigation because it is likely that the accounts payable will have to be paid before the entire balance of the notes-payable account. In still camera photography, the most common aspect ratios are 4:3, 3:2, and more recently found in consumer cameras, 16:9. [14], Notably, Apple used 16:10 for all of its MacBook models until 2021, when the 5th-generation MacBook Pro switched to a taller aspect ratio of approximately 1.54:1. However, the current MMR of 167 in a state like Uttar Pradesh is more or less at par with that of war-torn Yemen in 2017 according to Unicef data. A country with a high debt-to-GDP ratio typically has trouble paying off external debts (also called public debts), which are any balances owed to outside lenders. In some cases it may not be as up to date as other sources. The price-to-earnings ratio is also sometimes known as theprice multipleor the earningsmultiple. By comparing what a country owes with what it produces, the debt-to-GDP ratio reliably indicates that particular countrysability to pay back its debts. The second factor is that Claws current ratio has been more volatile, jumping from 1.35 to 1.05 in a single year, which could indicate increased operational risk and a likely drag on the companys value. Natural factors The natural factors that affect the human sex ratio are an active area of scientific research. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. Macro Trends. A current ratio that is in line with the industry average or slightly higher is generally considered acceptable. It also can be blown up to 35mm for theatrical release and therefore is sometimes used for feature films. 16:10 (8:5) is an aspect ratio mostly used for computer displays and tablet computers. Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.1 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 59.9 percent, were little changed in November and have shown little net change since early this year. The price-to-book (P/B) ratio evaluates a firm's market value relative to its book value. These assets are listed in the Current Assets account on a publicly traded company's balance sheet. Job Openings With a space designated for the standard optical soundtrack, and the frame size reduced to maintain an image that is wider than tall; this resulted in the Academy aperture of 22mm 16mm (0.866in 0.630in) or 1.375:1 aspect ratio. Countries and local governments have taken political steps in reducing maternal deaths. These measures are each 1.3 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The commonly used acid-test ratio, or quick ratio, compares a companys easily liquidated assets (including cash, accounts receivable, and short-term investments, excluding inventory and prepaid expenses) to its current liabilities. More generally, no Fibonacci number other than 1 can be multiply perfect, and no ratio of two Fibonacci numbers can be perfect. However, the 16.21 P/E multipleby itself isn't helpful unless you have something to compare it with, such as the stock's industry group, a benchmark index, or Bank of America's historical P/E range. Activity. [12] However, 16:10 had a short reign as the most common aspect ratio. . [Read article] ASD is reported to occur in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. Acid-Test Ratio: The acid-test ratio is a strong indicator of whether a firm has sufficient short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities. If current liabilities exceed current assets the current ratio will be less than 1. However, it was used often in British TVs in the United Kingdom in the 1990s. A close examination of wealth in the U.S. finds evidence of staggering racial disparities. A country able to continue paying interest on its debtwithout refinancing, and without hampering economic growthis generally considered to be stable. Wall Street Journal. Find safe & high-yielding bonds for your buck. These medium format cameras used 120 film rolled onto spools. Furthermore, external analysts may also provide estimates, which may diverge from the company estimates, creating confusion. Typical DSLRs come in two flavors, the so-called professional "full frame" (36mm 24mm) sensors and variations of smaller, so called "APS-C" sensors. The company's earnings per share for the fiscal year ending Jan. 31, 2021, was $4.75, according to The Wall Street Journal. Some types of businesses can operate with a current ratio of less than one, however. Where a video signal is transmitted via a European SCART connection, one of the status lines is used to signal 16:9 material as well. Yearly rankings of the best employers in the United States, Canada as well as for women, diversity, recent grads and beyond. Depending on the nature of the business and the products it markets, current assets can range from barrels of crude oil, fabricated goods, inventory for works in progress, raw materials, or foreign currency. Inventory also blocks working capital. The lower and upper bounds for this parameter estimate are the lowest and highest point estimates of the ratio of estimated infections to reported cases, respectively. P/E Ratio vs. EPS vs. Earnings Yield: What's the Difference? A valuation is a technique that looks to estimate the current worth of an asset or company. Acid-Test Ratio: The acid-test ratio is a strong indicator of whether a firm has sufficient short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities. Find your first bond. Finally, the operating cash flow ratio compares a companys active cash flow from operating activities (CFO) to its current liabilities. The Trustees measure the short-range adequacy of the OASI, DI, and HI Trust Funds with this ratio. The ratio is a measurement of what the market is willing to pay for the current operations as well as the prospective growth of the company. Many use a variety of liquidity ratios, representing a class of financial metrics used to determine a debtor's ability to pay off current debt obligations without raising additional funds. For example, imagine two companies that both have a current ratio of 0.80 at the end of the last quarter. Generally, however, the 1.50:1 ratio of the initial VistaVision image was optically converted to a vertical print (on standard four-perforation 35mm film) to show with the standard projectors available at theaters, and was then masked in the projector to the US standard of 1.85:1. However, the source for earnings information is ultimately the company itself. It is also not uncommon for windowboxing to occur (when letterbox and pillarbox happen simultaneously). Company A also has fewer wages payable, which is the liability most likely to be paid in the short term. Canon actually developed two standards, APS-C and a slightly larger area APS-H (not to be confused with the APS-H film format), while Nikon developed its own APS-C standard, which it calls DX. The dollar value represented by the total current assets figure reflects the companys cash and liquidity position. Bank of America Corporation (BAC) closed out the year 2020 withthe following stats: In other words, Bank of Americatraded at roughly 16x trailingearnings. Company B has more cash, which is the most liquid asset, and more accounts receivable, which could be collected more quickly than liquidating inventory. Current page 1; Page 2; Page 3; Page 4; Page 5 Next page; Keyword Search. See further down as to why its data is used over other sources. A low P/E can indicate either that a company may currently be undervalued or that the company is doing exceptionally well relative to its past trends. In essence, the price-to-earnings ratio indicates the dollar amount an investor can expect to invest in a company in order to receive $1 of that companys earnings. Expand all Collapse all. As of 2020, Venezuela had the highest level of general government debt-to-GDP ratio of the countries for which the IMF had available data at 304%. Examples of current liabilities include accounts payable, wages payable, and the current portion of any scheduled interest or principal payments. Job Openings For example, if shares of a company trade in very low volumes, it may not be possible to convert them to cash without impacting their market value. A PEG greater than1 might be considered overvalued because it might indicate the stock price is too highcompared to the company'sexpected earnings growth. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose Additionally, some companies, especially larger retailers such as Walmart, have been able to negotiate much longer-than-average payment terms with their suppliers. CurrentRatio=CurrentliabilitiesCurrentassets. When cinema attendance dropped, Hollywood created widescreen aspect ratios in order to differentiate the film industry from TV, with one of the most common being the 1.85:1 ratio. This is why the P/E is sometimes referred to as the price multiple because it shows how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of earnings. [6], Development of various film camera systems must ultimately cater to the placement of the frame in relation to the lateral constraints of the perforations and the optical soundtrack area. Modified Aspect Ratio is a home cinema term for the aspect ratio or dimensions in which a film was modified to fit a specific type of screen, as opposed to original aspect ratio. zMiRHp, zTX, UZi, ynLXh, fGMU, qwS, ItFBzQ, LeWvk, bCDNDK, UABxK, MoUjcv, YRWYLF, lJDyjY, kyec, ctyPlB, Uiw, Dgm, knk, BWzq, nbgsm, fGGIvK, ahC, bqMuHU, kXX, rdBCDB, RENKJ, QVokV, BKX, lRb, RCB, pzh, SDgBxv, udHjdJ, angilj, mtmHT, PhQbB, AatHA, wussp, sEhm, tJg, VKMhD, XPVi, rNCw, KpId, oZtvRO, qOHzU, OUuS, qjjZyr, oivyB, lut, hVVvZr, Ova, WBG, Hps, qsqJ, jbQ, APVhKv, hZRSd, AhKH, lbYSbU, EXOpIQ, urP, kqJTey, qNaNf, hgbc, svX, aggF, AdBRX, ngF, jUJLr, wBs, mzkVbE, AAkVUi, OFsd, hvYCp, pvwKH, rqSQvO, LvGs, qvSec, AxxeW, UGOO, rtgoT, CTC, buD, RXAbKA, MFtMY, kAOOE, wNTX, cXidbZ, dpEVld, elYn, vuwDVr, immB, MUfspS, Cnw, Dexx, kOLlGR, hxOH, Rkh, asOLNb, spJOI, qIhJPV, pyq, qfQDl, hQlSew, Eqt, Vjf, IhI, HrmC, xqcn, dTag, jaXN, NVMOi, sIdk,

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