A multi-engine throttle quadrant is recommended for users interested in realistically flying airplanes with more than one engine. For example, if you click on your aircraft, the Inspector box will pop up with its name, heading, altitude, speed, and climb angle, most of which you can also edit from within the window. your product key used from two continents at the same time) and it will be locked. An ADF is located in the instrument panel for the Cessna 172 that comes with XPlane. For example, imagine a Boeing 747 at approach speed. Large-Cell Thunderstorms sets the weather to about IFR-I level ceiling and visibility conditions with heavy precipitation and storms, of course. You can enable kiosk mode from within the General section of the Settings screen. Click the blue Add Multiplayer Machine button, then either find the other machines name in the drop down box, or manually enter its IP address. The right_wheel_est_vel and left_wheel_est_vel are the estimated velocities of the right and left wheels respectively, and the wheel separation is the distance between the wheels. Since XPlane calculates in real time how the plane is burning fuel, and the engines need fuel to run, and the weight distribution of the fuel is considered in the simulation, the fuel put on board does indeed matter. Note: Having finished the installation, Mac users will probably want to exclude their XPlane installation directory from their Time Machine backups (as described in the chapter Preparation and Installation, in the section [Special Considerations for Mac Users][].). An exception to the above rule is altitude. Delete (or move) your preferences file in order to rule that out. Thus, when the stick is rolled left and right only one bar will move a substantial amount; when it is pushed back and forth it will be a different bar. The log.txt file will tell us a lot of information about your system that will speed up bug analysis. The primitive and primitive array types should generally not be relied upon for long-term use. Controls Your Views. Euro), Verordnung zur Prfung von Luftfahrtgert, Lngsachsenstabilisator (Mit der Option LVL steuert der, Demonstrierte Bahnneigungsfluggeschwindigkeit, auch als V, Malfunction Analysis Detection And Recording System, Mutual Assistance Ground Service Agreement, Maximal zulssiges Landegewicht (auch MALLW), Medium-intensity Approach Light System With Sequenced Flashers. If it is beeping, then the aircraft is in a nice updraft from the air following the terrain. The fog keeps XPlane from having to draw the world to as great a distance, allowing the simulation to run faster. When pressing the Ctrl key along with any of those numbers, you will store your current view to be recalled later by that number key. That is enough info for us to work with! You can change your view of the aircraft using the View menu, or by using the keyboard shortcuts listed on the right side of each option in the View menu. Follow the guidance of the localizer and glide slope until the craft reaches an altitude of about 300 feet above the runway. Under the Flight Model section, check the box labeled Show instrument instructions in the cockpit. Phone: 650-931-2505 | Fax: 650-931-2506 Press Ctrl + m (or select Show Flight Model from the menu) 13 more times to continue cycling through the flight modeling options for wind forces. Each of these dots indicates that you are two degrees off of course. ROS2 written in C++. Note that if a crash occurs that damages the airplane too badly, XPlane will ask if youd like to set up a new flight. Note that the Get in Pilots Seat controller menu option (the top most icon) is both a shortcut into the cockpit if youve moved to a different view, and a way to recenter yourself in the pilot seat. Set the view to however you like it, and assign it to Quick Look 1 by pressing Ctrl+Num Pad 1 (i.e., the control key, with the 1 key on the number pad). You can also reverse the order of waypoints or delete the entire plan from this menu. Selecting the Grass Strip, Dirt Strip, Gravel Strip, or Seaplane Start lines will take you, in your current aircraft, to the nearest airstrip of that type. To learn about the basics of using a VOR to navigate, check out the VOR Navigation tutorial in the Navigation tab of Flight School, or follow the instructions below. For other features on the GPU side, increase the Visual Effects slider first, and only increase the Antialiasing or add scenery shadows if you get all the other rendering settings to a point youre happy with and still have higher frame rate than you need. B. MCH 81 = 0,81 M, Dauerleistung, siehe: Maximum Continuous (Thrust) MCO, Flugweg der zu den geringsten Kosten fhrt (Treibstoff, berfluggebhren etc. Please see this webpage for a table of all the fields present in the XPlane Data Output screen. Q (QA, QC, QD, QE, QF, QH, QM, QN, QP, QQ, QR, QT, QU, QV, QZ); To create a situation (a .sit file), move the mouse to the top of the screen, click File, then click Save Flight. IFR Precision sets the weather up for a Category-I ILS approach, with poor ceiling and visibility. Click on the Calibrate button and follow the instructions to complete calibration. You can also change the pilot voice here from male to female. If you want to navigate from one location to another just launch X-Plane, open the aircraft of your choice, then press the Direct To key on the GPS radio (sometimes shown as a capital D with an arrow going through it) and enter the airport ID youd like to navigate to. Circling in that area will let the glider ride the climbing air to altitude. Beinahezusammensto in der Luft (bei weniger als 500 Fu Abstand) siehe: In einem Radius von so und so viel nautischen Meilen: Beispiel: USA Stadien mit einer Sitzkapazitt ber 30.000 Personen drfen eine Stunde vor bis eine Stunde nach Veranstaltungen in einem Umkreis von 3 NMR nicht unterhalb 3000 Fu berflogen werden. Therefore, if you have a flight director switch, make sure it is in the right mode for the type of autopilot guidance you want-none, flight director only, or servo-driven controls. To modify the order of scenery packs, open the scenery_packs.ini file with a text editor of your choice, and simply move the scenery pack line to a different location in the list (i.e., higher for those packs you most want to see and lower for those it is less important to see). The trick is to approach the runway with just enough speed to set the craft down safely. It includes over 70 GB-worth of scenery (covering essentially the entire world) and over 15 aircraft, with thousands of planes available on the web. The General Data Output button controls where the data will be output. Maximizing both of these requires that XPlane be updated often. This is referred to as capturing the localizer or glide slope. Also note that many of the keyboard shortcuts are shown in the XPlane menus. Then, open up XPlane and try flying the plane again. (Uninstalling the demo is as straightforward as locating the X-Plane 12 Demo folder and moving it to the Recycle Bin or Trash.). The altimeter in the aircraft works on air pressure, so it measures the altitude above sea level, so awareness of minimum allowable altitudes in ones region is always needed in order to stay at least that high. Go back to the cockpit and check to see if the data output (which should still be on the screen from the pre-test in the above instructions) is around 0.000 when the controls are centered. On the GPS, click the direct to button (Looks like a D with an arrow through it) and enter the airport ICAO as a waypoint in the Active Flight Plan screen. In the 3-D cockpit mode, if you want to move your view closer to the instrument panel, you would press the '.'' You can pick from three different modes: VFR Sectional, IFR Low Enroute, and IFR High Enroute. However, in ILS navigation both the horizontal and vertical lines move to provide guidance. Because the helicopters throttle governor keeps the rotors turning at a constant RPM, changing the pitch also changes the thrust generated by the rotor, so the tail rotor can swing the helicopters tail to the left or right. Since we are coming in for our final approach, select Vectors. Vectors uses ATC to tell you where to go to line up for approach. It only shows the information of interest to pilots flying above 18,000 feet and making use of victor airways that are much longer, based on larger VORs with longer ranges. You can either have your monitors all connected to one computer, running one copy of X-Plane, or you can have multiple different computers all networked together, each one with its own monitor and its own copy of X-Plane. Left monitor: set the Lateral rotational offset to the negative of your main monitors Lateral field of view (FOV), Right monitor: set the Lateral rotational offset equal to your main monitors (positive) Lateral FOV, The center monitor offset should be left at 0. are small because they maneuver much more quickly than big planes. Open the Flight Configuration Screen and click the Customize button in the Location box. If an update is available you will be notified the next time you start XPlane. Another type of VOR beacon, a VORTAC, is also found throughout the XPlane maps. Check the box next to A COM port, then select the com-port number and enter the baud rate in the lower-right. The first thing you see when you launch XPlane is the main menu. You can use this to line up your approach with a known heading (e.g., about 160 degrees for runway 16L). Any VOR, NDB, FIX or LAT/LON can be entered here instead (or as additional plan segment pages) to program your route. Use the drop down menu to switch between full screen and windowed mode, or the Instructor Operating Station (requires at least two monitors). If the runway cannot be clearly seen at that point the pilot is prevented from executing a normal landing. Note that this number is dependent on a number of factors, such as temperature, humidity, and pressure. After getting off the ground initially, you may want to continue reading the full manual, or simply keep it for reference. Move each axis of the device through its full range of motion. If the problem being experienced is that the plane feels too responsive in the simulator, try dragging the sliders all the way to the right. Build. Quick Looks are not just for 3-D cockpit mode, either. Select Update X-Plane, pick which copy youd like to update, and click the continue button. Save it when finished and close Plane Maker. This information can then be used to publish the Nav2 X-Planes Cessna 172 is equipped with two CDIs, but we are only concerned with the top one. The saved map will look like the figure below, where white area is collision free area while black area is occupied and inaccessible area, and gray area represents the unknown area. To file a bug report, please use the X-Plane Bug Reporter. All the blades on the main rotor do this together at one timecollectively. Of course, they are then putting out a lot of lift, since they have a positive pitch. In the Corvette analogy above, the proper report to GM would be: I hit the starter button, the engine started, and I put the transmission in first gear. Check the box Use Metal/Vulkan driver for faster rendering then restart the simulator to use the new rendering engine. Welcome to the world of props, jets, single- and multi-engine airplanes, as well as gliders, helicopters and VTOLs. The most recent version of XPlane should then be launched on each computer. Click the Add Response Curve under the axis you want to customize. If you can determine that youre on the 67th radial from the OJC VOR and on the 117th radial from the MKC VOR then you can pinpoint your location on a sectional chart. The Graphics tab of the settings window allows you to match X-Planes settings (and thus the demands the simulator puts on the computer) to your computers capabilities. Grab the throttle of the Cessna 172 by pressing and holding the trigger near it. Readme License. Click on the Calibrate or Calibrate Now button. Build. tf is a package that lets the user keep track of multiple coordinate frames over time. If the default preferences do not fix your problem, you can simply replace them with the folder you moved to the desktop and restore your personalized settings. Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS): A flight instrument system (found in an air- crafts panel) with electronic displays rather than the mechanical gauges of a standard panel. This is the point at which all of the video cards RAM is being used. Vertical and roll offsets, of course, are the up/down and tilt equivalents of the lateral offset. Thus if your net connection is good and your product key is not locked, you may never notice or need the product key again to fly. For more information on new driver requirements, see this Knowledge Base article. There are also arrows above and below the white horizontal glide slope indicator (which does not move during VOR navigation) showing whether the aircraft is headed TO or FROM the station center, respectively. To do this, launch XPlane and: Move your mouse to the top of the screen (causing the menu to appear) and click the settings icon, then the Data Output tab. If scenery for the location is in fact installed, be sure that the copy of XPlane for which it is installed is the one being usedfor instance, if you have two copies of XPlane installed (say, one running a demo version and one running 12.00), the two versions may have different amounts of scenery installed. When using XPlane in full screen mode, the resolution will default to the same resolution as your operating system. nav2_constrained_smoother . This is not the way a smart pilot flies, though. Desktop app This PC will show up in the list. Now that weve found the relevant ILS frequencies and set up the navigation instruments, lets begin flying the actual approach. These are often found on or near an airport, but they can also be scattered between airports to use as node points in an airway. X-Plane digital download product keys are like credit card numbers: the key itself authorizes you to get X-Plane, and each user has a different key. The saved map will look like the figure below, where white area is collision free area while black area is occupied and inaccessible area, and gray area represents the unknown area. X-Plane 12.50 adds the ability to run the sim with the modern rendering APIs Vulkan (for Windows & Linux) and Metal (for Mac). This could result in simply pulling the plane off course, or ultimately in dragging the plane into a stall or spin. These customers serve as perhaps the most significant endorsement of the incredible capabilities of this simulator. Video 4.3: Configuring the monitor tutorial. If you are not using flight controls, you will have to fly with the mouse. When using XPlane in full screen mode, the resolution will default to the same resolution as your operating system. Fr die Lizenz sind 240 Flugstunden Gesamtflugerfahrung erforderlich, die im Simulator und bei realen Flgen absolviert werden. Changing the date will accurately track changes in the length of days and nights within XPlane. Sit back and let the autopilot take you to your destination. To the left and right of the center target (the little white circle) the instrument displays five dots or short lines on each side. Using the same ILS in both directions has its advantages (e.g., its cheaper), but theres a drawback: the needle deflection on your instruments is backwards when going the wrong way on the ILS. Also recall that in XPlane 12 many of the windows, such as the GPS, map, and ATC windows, can be popped out as separate displays and moved to a secondary monitor. This chapter will cover the more advanced things that pilots do in the real worldhow to navigate, use an autopilot, or fly on instrumentsin a fair amount of detail, but we recommend that, if you are really serious about mastering these facets of aviation, you head down to a local general aviation airport and hire a CFI (Certified Flight Instructor) for an hour or two. Descent rates faster than this cause discomfort in passengers' ears. Alternatively, assign a key or joystick button to turn it off in the Joystick & Equipment dialog box of X-Plane. Doing so once will cause XPlane to display a violet-striped line behind the aircraft. On the other hand, the Glider Winch button will set up a stationary winch on the ground which will quickly pull in a wire attached to your glider, which you will release once you are 1500 feet or so above the ground. Any time you create another profile, all current assignments will be copied to the new profile for you to then adjust as desired. You can see the visual representation of this instrument in the panel (it is labeled Total Energy and is found towards the bottom of the panel in the ASK 21); if the needle is above the center of the dial, you are climbing (perhaps due to ridge lift or a thermal), and if it is below the center, you are falling. nav2_lifecycle_manager . Only a true backup can save your preferences, third party aircraft youve downloaded, your log book, etc. With that done, your performance should be optimized, and youre ready to fly. Starting in XPlane 12.30, you can also pick between 8 options to increase the font size of the user interface in this section. The maps provide a lot of information on the area where your aircraft is located, including topography and selectable NAVAIDs. See Chapter 7 for more information. We strongly recommend that you install only a small bit of scenery now and add more later, as the entire scenery package takes over 60 GB of space and a very long time to install. Even if you are running the latest version of the simulator, the Installer/Updater can find missing or accidentally modified files and replace them with the correct default files. B. For the flight model to work, there can only be a certain amount of velocity change per frame of the simulation. All of these things add up to the same resulthigh acceleration. You may bring up the option to enter safe mode only if you start the sim with the shift key pressed down. After you get clearance, you tune to the Ground (if available) or Tower frequencies for your taxi clearance. Note that XPlane must be restarted to see changes to the antialiasing slider in non-HDR modes. Joysticks typically provide pitch, roll, and throttle control, as well as a few buttons that can be programmed to do different things. This will hold a constant vertical speed by pitching the aircrafts nose up or down. Note: If your device does not have a preset configuration in X-Plane, you will need to set all the axes and buttons by hand by picking options from all the axes & button drop down options. Then, in the future, whenever you press that key on the keyboard (or button on your joystick, as the case may be), you can go right back to that view again. Make sure your press the appropriate button on the FMS before entering the code for the NAVAID of your choice. If an aircraft is picking up more of the tone modulated at 150 Hz, it is off to the left. First, give the aircraft full throttle, and pull in about half flaps. To create your own custom scenery, use the World Editor tool (WED), downloadable for free from the Scenery Tools page of the XPlane Developer site. Topics. As the airplane climbs or descends, the relative air pressure outside the aircraft changes and the altimeter reports the difference between the outside air pressure and a reference, contained in a set of airtight bellows. Before updating the graphics driver, we recommend installing and launching XPlane (per the section Installing X-Plane of this chapter) and seeing how it runs. This aircraft will pull yours along behind it, and you will be able to release the line connecting you to the towplane at your desired altitude. Click the GPS screen in the cockpit to bring up the close-up of the instrument if needed. A good number of tutorials for the tools can be found in the Scenery Development documentation section of XPlane Developer and on YouTube. Each field has four checkboxes corresponding to the four places the data can be sent, as shown in Figure 10.1. This is because flight-training systems can only be certified as a complete package (a software and hardware combination). We have tuned our navigation radio, used the navigation source selector to choose the right radio, and weve reviewed the CDI. The way to correct this is to do as in the Lining Up the Horizon (Without Vertical Offsets) section above and change the screen center for your aircraft; only then will the horizon always line up across all the visuals. To get a quick description of the instruments in the panel, open the Settings and go to the General tab. When this is in the center of the instrument, the aircraft is perfectly in line with the glide slope and is descending at an ideal rate. Go to your video card manufacturers driver download page (ATIs site or NVIDIAs) and download the latest drivers, being sure to save it to a place that youll be able to find it (for example, the Desktop). Nicht dem Standard gem (z. Set this bar to throttle. Click the two squares in the top right corner to pop it out as a separate window that you can then drag to a different monitor. If the controls are indeed properly calibrated as per the above test, but the plane still is not flying correctly, its time to look at the first level of control response tuning. across restarts of this sim. In other words, the glide slope function will automatically go from armed to active once the plane hits the center of the glide slope. Now, when you load the new copy of the aircraft up in X-Plane, the screen center will be just where you like it. Finally, toggling the Glideslope slider will display a vertical profile of the flight at the bottom of the map screen. To do this, first go to the Data Output section of Settings and click on Dataref Read/Write. Leistung (des Flugzeuges, der Triebwerke), dauerhaft; ununterbrochen; z. Users can download lots of airplanes and scenery packages for XPlane from the Internet. The bottom row contains the turn coordinator (TC), the directional gyro (DG) and the vertical speed indicator (VSI). After that, no matter what aircraft is opened on the pilots machine, this computer will add _copilot to the name of the aircraft folder that it needs to open. Explain why you think the result you are seeing is wrong. If you are not consistently running at least 45 fps in the base desktop sim, you will need to turn rendering settings down. The values of right_wheel_est_vel and left_wheel_est_vel can be obtained by simply getting the changes in the positions of the wheel joints over time. That click is being stolen by SteamVR for internal functions. Now that weve detailed flying with the autopilot, lets talk about flying an FMS (flight management system) plan. You need an IFR clearance before you can proceed, and in the ATC window and youll see an option for Request Clearance. Click that and youll receive your clearance. If you like, hit the line-select button on the left side of the FMS next to the text FLY AT FT and enter the altitude you want to fly at using the keypad. Time is given as both local and Zulu time (that is, Greenwich Mean Time or UTC). You can also use the period key (.) or mouse wheel to zoom in and get a closer look. The directional gyro is a simple instrument that points north and thus allows the pilot to tell which way she or he is flying. You hit the pitch sync joystick button. You can narrow down the list of all the saved files by clicking on the Replay button. Click on a layer to adjust additional settings in the Layer Properties column on the left side of the window. Line-oriented flight training, Analyse-Verfahren in der Luftfahrt durch Sammeln von sicherheitsrelevanten Daten, Lizenzverlust (Versicherung gegen Schaden bei Lizenzverlust), (Platz)-Anflugfunkfeuer am Voreinflugzeichen, Verfahren zur Bewertung der Flugsicherheit im Liniendienst, operative Grenze der Lebensdauer der Flugzeugstruktur auf Grundlage von Ermdungstests, berprfung der Befhigung fr den Liniendienst, Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance. In this mode, you can move your view around the cockpit in one of a few ways: This mode leaves the mouse free to click on things in the cockpit without affecting where you are looking. This section highlights some of the example behavior tree xml files provided by default in the project to do interesting tasks. Interestingly, this is much the same as the altitude modes. It provides a client library that enables C++ programmers to quickly interface with ROS Topics, Services, and Parameters.. roscpp is the most widely used ROS client library and is designed to be the high-performance library for ROS. The tendency for some aircraft to flutter and crash is a known limitation. From there, move your mouse around the map to highlight sections of the world and click on on the ones you would like to install. A smoke trail, as might be used by an aerobatic airplane in an airshow, can be enabled behind your aircraft. The triangles along them are fixes., Small airports are indicated by notched circles, while larger airports with are shown as full runway layouts. Increasing the resolution may also cause a drop in frame rate if your graphics card is not powerful enough. B. eine Voreinstellung an den Bremsen, (Uhr im Cockpit) startet die Anzeige der verstrichenen Zeit (ET), Standard Regional Route Transmitting Frequency, Landebahnsichtweite; die amtlich festgestellte, Reduzierte Vertikalstaffelung (1000ft) oberhalb FL 290 (bisher 2000ft), Der Winkel zwischen der Windrichtung und dem rechtweisenden Steuerkurs bzw. nav2_constrained_smoother . The downside to these movie files is that they record exactly what you see when you record them, and they do not record sound. The following autopilot functions are available in XPlane. The instructor can load different aircraft, relocate the aircraft, alter weather conditions, fail systems, and change the time, weight, balance, or fuel for the student pilot. If your primary use of XPlane is on a computer that does not have net access or where net access is unreliable or rare, you should purchase a DVD set. If the appropriate software is not installed on the computer you want to play the file on, you can get a free cross-platform multimedia player from the VideoLAN Organization. There, remove all other aircraft by clicking the X for maximum speed. Once again, X-Plane.org is a good place to go to find various plug-ins and other things to tweak your copy of X-Plane. You can change this with the Resolution drop down, but keep in mind that if you choose a resolution with a different aspect ratio than your monitor has, XPlane will appear stretched. This is how you tell the controller youre now on their frequency waiting for their command. You can add aircraft or custom scenery, or you can download plug-ins that can radically alter the functionality of the simulator. Open System Preferences from the Apple menu. tf_monitor: transforms tf_echo: transform roswtf: tfwtftf static_transform_publishertransforms Use the thumb stick (Oculus) or touchpad (Vive) to move around menus and submenus, then use the trigger on the controller to select an option. Click Finish to leave the calibration screen to return to the main joystick screen. nav2_constrained_smoother . Set this way, 0% hardware deflection will still give 0% control deflection in the simulator, and 100% hardware deflection will still give 100% control deflection. The Notification Settings button in this screen allows you to turn off or on various warnings as well. A magnetic heading is heading to the magnetic north pole, something a hair different than true north, which is a geographic heading that will take one to the true geographic North Pole. It is highly recommended that you leave the box for sending anonymous usage data checked. Therefore, the airspeed indicator tells how much air pressure is available for the props and wings (which is what a pilot really cares about, as more pressure gives more lift and drag). To see the forces at work on each element of the aircraft, toggle the flight model 3 times. The faster a computer can run XPlane the more realistic and rewarding the simulation will be. If the pilot adds power, the plane climbs. The goal is to be in the air and flying within ten minutes of completing the installation while still learning the essentials of the simulator. This map is used for the Navigation. In general, the large dial moves between lines or options, while the smaller one is used to edit a line. In X-Plane, a flat collective corresponds to the throttle being full forward, or farthest from the user. The flight director is in altitude mode, so the autopilot is holding 3,000 feet for you. Right click on it and choose Properties. System Panel will open and display your system specs. V-airways (victor airways): Victor airways are the pre-charted airways that are defined by a series of VORs. The gyroscope was invented many decades before aircraft, but its tremendous implications for flying were not realized until the mid- to late1920s. Passagier ohne Buchungsanspruch; Paxe auf Warteliste; Airline-Mitarbeiter, die mit einem Stand-By-Ticket privat reisen und nur mitgenommen werden, wenn Sitzpltze frei bleiben. You are starting by resetting the preferences so that we can do the same as you (a first step toward solving the problem!). This video shows how to get started and some of the tricks you can use with XPlane VR. You can also choose from a number of special starts in this screen, such as a carrier cat shot, oil rig approach, or the space shuttle landings. robotics navigation ros2 Resources. Repeat this process for as many buttons and switches as need functions assigned. B. NSDF2345). New Nav2 Velocity Smoother; Goal Checker API Changed; Added Assisted Teleop; Humble to Iron. Additionally, the glide slope indicator will begin to move. Figure 10.1: The Data Output section of Settings. The values of right_wheel_est_vel and left_wheel_est_vel can be obtained by simply getting the changes in the positions of the wheel joints over time. The same thing will happen with the glide slope control. While XPlane 12 will run on Linux, XPlane doesnt provide support for specific distributions; if you want to run on Linux, you will need to try XPlane on your distribution to see if it is compatible. X-Planes navigation maps come in a few different varieties, each of which is useful for a different situation. The concept is simple, but the math is not. Widescreen monitors will most likely want to keep the default setting of 80. This will simply yield a 135 (45 3) field of view. Once you master hovering in place, push the nose down to tilt the rotor forwards. Here, the steps differ slightly between the master machine (the computer which is hooked up to all your flight controls) and the other computers. In the XPlane world, a proper checklist for the report would look like this: I renamed my preferences file so I did not have any odd settings that may cause this that we might not know about. tf maintains the relationship between coordinate frames in a tree structure buffered in time, and lets the user transform points, vectors, etc between any two coordinate frames at any desired point in time. It allows users to set many different plugin types, across behavior trees, core algorithms, status checkers, and more! Go to the Settings screen and click Joystick. These devices use fixed port numbers so it will not be necessary to change the port number field. These LOC transmitters do not necessarily have to be paired with a glide slope (but doing so makes them an ILS). Each axis should indicate 0.0, or close to it. Get started with flying gliders by going to the Flight Configuration window and picking a glider, such as the default ASK 21. Some parts of the aircraft, such as seats, have a hotspot which will light up and snap you to that location. NAV: Short for navigate. This is an autopilot mode that follows an ILS, localizer, VOR, or GPS path. Drag anywhere on the map to break the lock. When the timers up, press the Finish button to go back to the joystick screen and complete joystick set up. When a computer tries to draw diagonal lines across the finite number of rectangular pixels in a monitor, jaggies resultpixelated-looking, stair-stepped lines. A digital copy of XPlane is not a backup. Once VR is up and running on all devices, you should find yourself in a virtual hangar in XPlane. To find the best compromise between performance and visual quality for your specific machine, start with all sliders at their minimums, and all checkboxes off. It gives a Commercial Use message as XPlane starts up, causing XPlane to check for flight controls and self-test the frame rate, as required for FAA certification. Now, suppose you are using multiple monitors, some for external visuals and others for cockpit displays. It is assumed in such conditions that pilots are always able to see out the window well enough to avoid collisions with terrain and other aircraft. The handle can be tiled around within the base to control the pitch and roll movement of the aircraft. Obviously, XPlane has to be tremendously flexible to be able to run on a three year old computer and also take full advantage of the latest and greatest hardware available. B. Auxiliary Power Unit APU OH-Period), Hindernisflche zur Berechnung von PDGs (Procedure Design Gradient). This error, though, can be useful, because if there is less pressure pushing on the airspeed indicator, then there is also less pressure pushing on the wings of the aircraft. nav2_dwb_controller . When the installation completes, start the simulator and go fly! You must first intercept the FMS course to make the autopilot lock on. Expand Bodies of Water to set wave height and wave direction for bodies of water. These primitives are designed to provide a common data type and facilitate interoperability throughout the system. by pressing a button on your flight controls which you previously configured to modify the view. If you do not know the name of an instrument, then go into Plane Maker and click on it with the mouse. It provides a client library that enables C++ programmers to quickly interface with ROS Topics, Services, and Parameters.. roscpp is the most widely used ROS client library and is designed to be the high-performance library for ROS. These .png screenshots can be opened and viewed on any modern computer, regardless of whether XPlane is installed. geometry_msgs provides messages for common geometric primitives such as points, vectors, and poses. B. LDA approach), Auftriebshilfe an der Flgelvorderkante; Slats, Methode zur Entfernungs- und Geschwindigkeitsmessung analog zu, Regeln fr niedrigen Instrumentenflug (Hauptwolkenuntergrenze unter 500ft. und/oder Sichtweite unter 1 SM). When you press the pitch sync joystick button, the autopilot turns the servos off and lets you fly, but when you release the button, the servos take hold and try to maintain the speed, altitude, or vertical speed that you had at the moment when you released the pitch sync joystick button. The TC indicates the rate of turnthat is, how steep or shallow your bank is in relation to a standard 2 minute turn rate, and the DG is nothing more than a gyroscopically driven compass that is more stable and accurate than the old standby, the magnetic (or whisky) compass. If needed, switch to either the IFR Low or IFR High Enroute view. To view all the possibilities for special starts in X-Plane, go to Flight Configuration and click the Customize button in the Location box. The plane will not go there yet; before it will, you must choose how you want to get to this new altitude. So, for example, rather than just flying to the VOR, a pilot can be sure to fly to the VOR along the 090 radial (from the east), guaranteeing his or her location to be along an airway for the entire trip to the VOR. 25 NM garantierte Reichweite), der den Beginn des Landeanfluges markiert, Gewichtsklasse Leicht, (Maximum Take Off Weight) MTOW < 7 t, Tiefanflug: Anfliegen einer Landebahn mit anschlieendem Durchstarten ohne aufzusetzen, Ein Allwetter-Flugzeuglandesystem, das auf der Echtzeitkorrektur eines, Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO-DRY; LAHSO-WET), Ausgesprochen: Lay-So; das landende Flugzeug soll landen und sofort auf der Landebahn anhalten (hold short) z. The XPlane GPS is modeled closely after the Garmin G430W or G530. nav2_map_server . To turn the autopilot off altogether, simply turn the FLIGHT DIR switch to OFF. X-Plane is not a game, but an engineering tool that can be used to predict the flying qualities of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft with incredible accuracy. This is useful primarily in accident investigation and re-creation. While this will not look very good, it will use very little video memory (VRAM), so a high frame rate will be more easily achievable. As long as your headset is attached (and your GPU meets minimum requirements), there will be a checkbox to enable VR hardware. When the stick is moved to the right, the rotor increases pitch when it is in the part of its travel that is in front of the helicopter. When using the towplane, you will start behind the plane with its engine running and ready to go. Heading (HDG): An aircrafts heading is the direction that its nose is pointing. In addition, you can have the AI control your view by opening the Aircraft menu and selecting A.I. The FLCH button controls the flight-level change function. To save money, some airports will not bother to install a new ILS at the airport to land on the same runway going the other direction, but instead let you fly this second localizer backwards to come into the runway from the opposite direction of the regular ILS! You may need to toggle the Save As file type to the correct file type, then enter a name in the File Name field and click the Save button. When using XPlane in full screen mode, the resolution will default to the same resolution as your operating system. Although AI aircraft will always follow the guidance of the air traffic control, they will also work around your aircraft if you are not interacting with the ATC. Type in a name for this copy of the aircraft file (for instance, Triple Monitor [aircraft name]) and press Save. To avoid any possible problems, it is recommended that the flight controls be plugged directly into the machine rather than into a hub. If the simulators measurement of time is incorrect (e.g., the elapsed time field has a value less than it should), check your frame rate. Die Master Warning-Lampe ist rot und zustzlich mit einem Warnton gekoppelt, daneben die gelbe Master Caution-Lampe, Mixed Type of Ice Formation (White Ice + Clear Ice), Gemischte Eisbildung (Eisansatz am Flugzeug) , hchstzulssiges Leertankgewicht; Hchstleertankgewicht (MZFW = Operating Weight Empty (OWE) + maximale Nutzlast (maximum payload)), Lnderkennzeichen fr Flugzeuge mit US-Zulassung (z. Then return to keyboard settings and assign a key to Go to save 3-D cockpit location #11. Now when you return to the cockpit and use the new key assignment, your view will change to the memorized location. The bottom left portion toggles between ramp & runway starts. (You can check this by following the instructions found in the section Updating X-Plane of the chapter Configuring and Tuning Your XPlane Installation.). In this second case, if the plane is flying south, the top of the map will be south. A similar procedure may be used for other malfunctioning controls. Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI): This instrument is found in the panel of many aircraft in XPlane. Expand the External Visuals section. If a computer is not capable of delivering a frame rate of 20 FPS while rendering the level of detail set up in the Rendering Options page, XPlane will automatically introduce fog to help the simulation to run more smoothly. nav_msgs defines the common messages used to interact with the navigation stack. The altitude, speed, turbulence, gust, and shear of wind layers can also be adjusted by dragging the sliders or specifying a number in the boxes. Video 4.3: Configuring the monitor tutorial. Before beginning, be sure you have configured your flight controls, if applicable, per the section Configuring Flight Controls of the chapter Configuring and Tuning Your XPlane Installation. Added Collision Monitor; Removed use_sim_time from yaml; Run-time Speed up of Smac Planner; Recursive Refinement of Smac and Simple Smoothers; Simple Commander Python API; Smac Planner Start Pose Included in Path; Parameterizable Collision Checking in RPP Figure 6.1: The Air Traffic Controller list at KSEA. foxy, galactic), build Nav2 on main branch using a quickstart setup script, or building main branch manually. Let go of the controls and press the Next button to begin centering the controls and setting the nullzone. Video 5.1: Weather Customization tutorial. You can change this with the Resolution drop down, but keep in mind that if you choose a resolution with a different aspect ratio than your monitor has, XPlane will appear stretched. The first, and easiest, way to set the weather is using the slider on the Flight Configuration screen. You can change the mode in the drop down, add or delete additional stops, and drag the stops to create the curves you want. If the airplane turns off the runway as its accelerating, just keep on going. Once youve finished assigning functions to buttons, close the Joystick screen by pressing the Done button. If you are using only one copy of XPlane on one computer with several monitors, you will be able to configure the view as. In an aircraft, this information is compared with the onboard database to determine how far it is to the next airport, navigational aid (NAVAID), waypoint, or whatever. Remember, since the magnetic north pole is separated from the geographic north pole by a bit, true and magnetic heading are not typically the same! As this is done, one of the red bars will move vigorously for each input that is actuated. Willow Garage low-level build system macros and infrastructure. Joystick: A control device used in aircraft. To change the key a command is bound to, type in the box on the right or use the +. All of this adds up to say that it will take the aircraft longer to get off the ground. Just like the lateral navigation (that is, the localizer function), the vertical navigation (glide slope, or G/S mode) will not do anything until the glide slope needle starts to move. Then you will be greeted with the standard replay shuttle buttons with which you can replay the flight. Load Saved Flight will allow you to load one of your saved replay or situation files (see the section Creating a Reusable Situation for more details). Once there, click the HDG button again and the plane will maintain its course. From there, the monitors need to physically be moved around the cockpit (that is, where a user will sit when flying the simulator) in a semi-circle describing a 135 field of view. Press ENT to keep changes or activate selections, and CLR or the CRSR button again to cancel. Use proper terminology. This is measured by the expansion or contraction of a fixed amount of air acting on a set of springs. Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (Risk Miscellaneous Dangerous) (Cargo Code), Luftraum mit Pflicht zur Hrbereitschaft um Flugpltze mit IFR An-/und Abflugverfahren, fr die kein Luftraum D (CTR) vorliegt (ehemals Luftraum F), Non-Flammable and Non-Toxic Gas (Cargo Code), Mindestnavigationsausrstung; Flugzeuge in diesem Luftraum, Wegabschnitt oder Prozedur mssen genau navigieren knnen (auf 0,5 NM, z. (Note that the IOS can only be used full screen, not windowed, when set up in this manner.) Another method of setting the weather in XPlane is to download the weather from the Internet. The only version of XPlane that is available digitally is the latest non-beta version of XPlane. If it is ON, then the autopilot will not physically move the airplane controls, but will rather move little target wings on your artificial horizon that you can try to mimic as you fly. X-Plane has the ability to display a simple checklist in the simulator. In this menu, choose the last option, Select Approach, then the runway. Even if they werent, XPlane may still be able to run, albeit with its rendering options turned down. Note: Steam VR is a free download that enables XPlane 12 to use VR. The Airport Scenery Gateway is a community-driven effort to collect airport data into a global airport database. The full XPlane scenery package covers the Earth in stunning resolution from 74 north to 60 south latitude. From here you can choose to quit, resume your last flight, start a new flight, load a saved flight, or visit Flight School for tutorials. The following is a description of how helicopters are flown in the real world, along with the application of this in XPlane. To set up an approach to a modern carrier, such as the USS Nimitz included with X-Plane, bear in mind that the landing runway is angled 30 to the port (left) sideit is not straight down the flight deck like in older carriers. Click on Special Starts and pick Formation Flying from the list. Aim that laser at the thing you want to interact with and grab it by squeezing the trigger the rest of the way in. Youll receive free updates to XPlane 12 until Version 13 is released, as well some of the best customer service and tech support available. Pulsating Visual Approach Slope Indicator, Turbinenhersteller (z. If you are in vertical speed mode, the autopilot will try to maintain the vertical speed that you had at the moment you released the pitch sync button. This error could only be due to two factorseither the pilot was not flying along the radial or the wind blew the airplane slightly off of course. You are cleared to the planes destination or some other fix. A file called X-Plane [aircraft name]_[number].mov will appear in the Output folder of the XPlane directory. It will also go to armed (yellow). The ailrn should indicate 1.0 or near 1.0. Updates within a given version of XPlane (e.g., from Version 12.0 to 12.1 to 12.2) are free, and recommended for virtually all users. A yoke consists of a steering wheel-like control that rotates left and right and also slides back and forth. Abkrzung fr das in Deutschland herausgegebene Magazin fr die GA (Allgemeine Luftfahrt) namens Pilot und Flugzeug. For detailed examples on how to set up a plugin using data input & output, see the document Exchanging Data with X-Plane.rtd found in the Instructions folder. nav2_controller . Just as important as the graphics card itself, though, are the computers graphics drivers (essentially, the instructions that let XPlane know how to use your graphics card). It assumes that the computer XPlane is being installed on is capable of running the simulator with its default rendering options. Since the early 1970s, these have been arranged in a standard layout referred to as the six pack. They are laid out in two rows of three instruments each. This is especially helpful for those with large, high resolution monitors. In such a case, you could hypothetically turn the CPU-heavy features up much higher than the GPU-heavy features (or vice versa). Once youve received and read back your clearance, tune the COM1 radio to 121.70, the frequency for the ground controller at KSEA. 1900 S. Norfolk St., Suite 350, San Mateo, CA 94403 nav2_collision_monitor . You can adjust almost all aspects of how the simulator runs by going to the Settings screen. This window will also check the status of speech synthesis software used for ATIS/AWOS. Another very common error is for people to install plug-ins that modify data in the simulator, third-party scenery packages that dont quite follow the standards, or third-party airplanes that may have problems, and then report it as a bug when something does not work correctly. Note that you can change the language or pick a different operating system for the install by clicking on the settings slider icon in the top right corner. The code consists of numbers and capital letters; the letters i and o and the numbers 0 and 1 are never used, to avoid confusion. You may need to toggle the Save As file type to the correct file type, then enter a name in the File Name field and click the Save button. For the purposes of this guide, we will assume it is installed in the default location. When sending a bug report, please include as much information as possibleanything that the XPlane development crew might need to know in order to reproduce the malfunction. Figure 4.10: Checking the box to display the frame rate while in the simulator. roscpp is a C++ implementation of ROS. See the section Setting Up Your Flight for detailed explanations of the Customize screen options for each aspect of the flight. From there, turn up the settings in the order detailed below. It also includes information on the environmental conditions of the flight, including cloud conditions, temperature, and time of day. Each axis can also have a custom response curve which will override the global control response curve. Unless otherwise instructed, fly the runway heading up to your cleared altitude of 3,000 feet. ROS2 written in C++. Figure 4.7: Example of custom response curves for a throttle axis. Close the Viewpoint dialog box, either by pressing Enter or by clicking an X in the corner of the window. If you want to replay your flight, beginning at the last time you loaded an aircraft or location, you can use X-Planes built-in replay function, which has shuttle controls to play, rewind, and fast forward, just like you would expect. Collision visualizer commands collect_entity_model_name: Collect model names of the entities you're pointing at collision_shake_amp: 0: collision_shake_freq: 0: collision_shake_time: 0: commentary: 0: Desired commentary mode state. Use the - to delete a key assignment. Altitude: An aircrafts altitude is its height above sea level. For that to happen, some other mode (any of the ones discussed above) must be engaged to do that. (Den Flug) nicht antreten; nicht starten (z. NAVAID: A navigation aid transmitter (typically a VOR, NDB, or ILS) which is used as a reference when flying. Then click Apply. One frame per second could track that flight accurately. In the Windows Firewall pane, click Allow a program through Windows Firewall. Enable the parked aircraft, and start turning up the number of world objects and reflection detail. To modify an aircrafts weight, balance, and fuel, go to the Flight menu and pick Edit Weight & Balance. You can also access this screen during Flight Configuration. The difference is that the glide slope tells the plane that it is either too high or too low for its distance from the runway. Lift: The aerodynamic force (created by a fluid such as air flowing around an object) that pushes an object upward. X-Plane only supports one type of view (3-D cockpit, forward with no scenery, etc) at a time per copy of X-Plane. X-Plane can simulate countless aircraft systems failures. Click on Weight, Balance, & Fuel if youd like to modify those values, or Failures to pick parts of the aircraft or world to break. Note that these are not spelled petals, as they are not named after the fragile leaves of a flower. X-Plane has detailed failure modeling, with multitudes of systems that can either be failed manually at an instructors command, or randomly when users least expect it! When the X-System installer comes up saying You already have XPlane 12 installed on this computer, click the Add or Remove Scenery button and proceed just like in step 7 above. High/Intermediate Pressure Compressor Speed, National Aeronautical Charting Office (FAA), Triebwerkslufteinlass-Vereisungsschutzsystem, geflogene Nautische Meilen; nautische Meile gegenber der Luft (die zu fliegende Flugstrecke einschlielich aller kleineren Umwege ber VORs auf der Luftstrae; vergleichbar der Entfernungsangabe in Autobahnkilometern) ergibt die Airdistance (im Unterschied zur Grunddistance Nautical Ground Mile NGM), NATO Medium Extended Air Defense System Management Agency, Verfahren zur Minimierung der Lrmbelstigung im An- und Abflugbereich von Flugpltzen (beim Start: schnell Hhe gewinnen und ab 1500ft Schubreduzierung; bei der Landung: das Flugzeug so spt wie mglich fr die Landung konfigurieren, Fahrwerk und Landeklappen spt ausfahren, da diese durch die Verwirbelung Lrm erzeugen und wegen des Luftwiderstandes auch einen greren Triebwerksschub erfordern), Von Bodenstationen unabhngig arbeitende russische Navigationsanlagen in Luftfahrzeugen, Nordatlantikrouten, zum berqueren des Atlantiks; sie werden tglich neu erstellt; sie knnen morgens nur in Richtung Osten, ab Mittag nur in Richtung Westen beflogen werden; sie beginnen an den Entry- und Exit-Points, Fluglotsengewerkschaft in den USA hat die frhere Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization PATCO verdrngt. The Number of Objects slider will adjust how many 3D objects are drawn in the world, such as trees, buildings, and static aircraft. Click on the star in the corner of the aircraft box to mark it as a favorite, and quickly find it next time at the top of the list. Author: Morgan Quigley/mquigley@cs.stanford.edu, Ken Conley/kwc@willowgarage.com, Jeremy Leibs/leibs@willowgarage.com This means you can now specify different button or axis assignments for the same joystick and switch between them from within X-Plane. Note that this is the same procedure used in setting up the joystick axes normally, as described in the section Configuring Flight Controls of the chapter Configuring and Tuning Your XPlane Installation. The green bars extending from the control surfaces of the aircraft indicate how much lift each section of the surface is generating; longer bars represent greater force. X-Plane is a very advanced simulator that has been designed for use across a broad range of computers with varying specifications. Each computer might have a 45 lateral field of view (as set in the Graphics settings). The right_wheel_est_vel and left_wheel_est_vel are the estimated velocities of the right and left wheels respectively, and the wheel separation is the distance between the wheels. With the autopilot turned on (either to the flight director-only mode or the servo-driven control mode), you are ready to use the autopilot functions. (Push the top of the left or right pedal to activate the brakes on that side of the plane.). The final setting that really impacts the simulators frame rate is the number of other airplanes. Pick the Pilots computer from the drop down under the Master Machine section, if necessary. B. Enter a heading in the heading window to be followed until you intercept the ILS. ), Leistungsdatencomputer Teil des Flight Management Systems (FMS). You can turn VR off by unchecking the box in Settings, or by using the large blue Disable VR Headset button in the XPlane window on the computer. This indicates how far you are from your desired radial. These are not used much any more because with GPS navigation, the idea of going to pre-defined points (like picking up bread-crumbs to find ones way home) is disappearing. In other words, while the hard-over roll rate in the simulator will remain unchanged no matter how these sliders are set, fine control will be increased for smaller, partial deflections, since the flight controls will move less for a small-to-moderate stick deflection in the hardware joystick or yoke. 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